Email this article 
Personal Social Responsibility Campaign for Helping Others in Facing COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
As one can see, people who have tested positive for COVID-19 and self-isolated are at a risk of experiencing inconvenience such as stigma, lack of support from the environment, loneliness, depression, and anxiety, which may increase premature mortality. They may save their lives if they receive greater attention and support, especially from the closest people in their community besides people who have got support from the community to recover faster from the virus. The act of kindness is a prosocial action in this form called personal social responsibility (PSR). The objectives of the study are to elaborate on the prosocial behavior of PSR and provide a campaign strategy for encouraging people to carry out PSR activities in their community as prosocial action or altruism to support COVID-19 sufferers, especially those who self-isolate and are infected by COVID-19. This study uses a systematic literature review as its method. Data was collected by searching and accessing relevant literature. The data was analysed based on a thematic and descriptive analysis of the selected literature. The study found that PSR plays a significant role in overcoming social burdens among citizens, including in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. To articulate the PSR Campaign, the researcher refer to communication strategies and social campaign models. Through the campaign, prosocial behaviors must generate in many terms of giving product, money, thought, time, or other forms of concern related to feelings.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abudi, R., Mokodompis, Y., & Magulili, A. N. (2020). Stigma Terhadap Orang Positif Covid-19. Jambura Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2(2), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.35971/jjhsr.v2i2.6012
Adha, M. M., Budimansyah, D., Kartadinata, S., & Sundawa, D. (2019). Emerging volunteerism for Indonesian millennial generation: Volunteer participation and responsibility. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 29(4), 467–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2018.1550459
Al Dhaheri, A. S., Bataineh, M. F., Mohamad, M. N., Ajab, A., Al Marzouqi, A., Jarrar, A. H., Habib-Mourad, C., Abu Jamous, D. O., Ali, H. I., Al Sabbah, H., Hasan, H., Stojanovska, L., Hashim, M., Abd Elhameed, O. A., Shaker Obaid, R. R., ElFeky, S., Saleh, S. T., Osaili, T. M., & Cheikh Ismail, L. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect? A cross-sectional study of the MENA region. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0249107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249107
Alnazly, E., Khraisat, O. M., Al-Bashaireh, A. M., & Bryant, C. L. (2021). Anxiety, depression, stress, fear and social support during COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian healthcare workers. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247679
Arnett, J. J., Žukauskienė, R., & Sugimura, K. (2014). The new life stage of emerging adulthood at ages 18–29 years: implications for mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(7), 569–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00080-7
Aronson, E. (2009). Integrating Leadership Styles and Ethical Perspectives. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences de l’Administration, 18(4), 244–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2001.tb00260.x
Bekkers, R., & Ottoni-Wilhelm, M. (2016). Principle of Care and Giving to Help People in Need. European Journal of Personality, 30(3), 240–257. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2057
Bierhoff, W. H. (2002). Prosocial behaviour. Psychology. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=240493
Charities Aid Foundation. (2018). CAF World Giving Index 2018. https://www.cafonline.org/about-us/publications/2018-publications/caf-world-giving-index-2018
Charities Aid Foundation. (2021). CAF World Giving Index 2021. https://www.cafonline.org/about-us/publications/2021-publications/caf-world-giving-index-2021
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. (2020). Study finds signs of altruism in people’s COVID-19 worries: Survey also found that mental resilience can significantly reduce the impact of stress on mental health during the pandemic. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200820132221.htm
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a Behavioral Theory of Charismatic Leadership in Organizational Settings. Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 637–647. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306715
Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Bio-Medica : Atenei Parmensis, 91(1), 157–160. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
Cugmas, M., Ferligoj, A., Kogovšek, T., & Batagelj, Z. (2021). The social support networks of elderly people in Slovenia during the Covid-19 pandemic. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247993. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247993
Curry, O. S., Rowland, L. A., Van Lissa, C. J., Zlotowitz, S., McAlaney, J., & Whitehouse, H. (2018). Happy to help? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76, 320–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.02.014
Data Sebaran. (2021). Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. https://covid19.go.id/
Dearing, J. W., & Cox, J. G. (2018). Diffusion Of Innovations Theory, Principles, And Practice. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 37(2), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1104
Deloitte Global. (2021). The Deloitte Global 2021 Millennial and Gen Z Survey: A call for accountability and action. https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/millennialsurvey.html
Dewantari, N. M., Ula, S., Muharni, Y., & Susilo, S. (2021). Pencegahan Stigma Terhadap Orang dalam Penyebutan Covid-19. ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(1), 433–439. https://doi.org/10.35568/abdimas.v4i1.1033
Dhaliwal, M., & Bok, L. (2020). Stigma and discrimination can be deadly. UNDP. https://www.undp.org/blog/stigma-and-discrimination-can-be-deadly
Dunfield, K. A. (2014). A construct divided: prosocial behavior as helping, sharing, and comforting subtypes. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 958. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00958
Eisenberg, N., & Mussen, P. H. (1989). The Roots of Prosocial Behavior in Children. Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511571121
Etika, A. N., Yunalia, E. M., Lutfi, E. I., & Sulistyawati, W. (2020). Impact Of Stigma in Covid-19 Patient: A Litteratur Review. Journal for Quality in Public Health, 4(1), 161–164. https://doi.org/10.30994/jqph.v4i1.133
Galea, S., Merchant, R. M., & Lurie, N. (2020). The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(6), 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562
Ganiem, L. M., Ambadar, J., & Sukardjo, C. (2015). PSR Personal Social Responsibility: Aku, Kamu, Kita Bisa (D. Feirus, Ed.; 1st ed.). Prenadamedia Group.
Grant, A. M. (2013). Give and Take: A Revolutionary Approach to Success. Viking.
Grimalda, G., Buchan, N. R., Ozturk, O. D., Pinate, A. C., Urso, G., & Brewer, M. B. (2021). Exposure to COVID-19 is associated with increased altruism, particularly at the local level. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 18950. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97234-2
Hadi, A., Kolopaking, L. M., & Susanto, D. (2014). Development Block Grants: The Managemetn and Perception of Stakeholders (A Case in West Sumbawa District, Indonesia).
Haslebacher, C., Varga, P., & Murphy, H. C. (2019). Insights from images posted on social media: Examining the motivations of volunteer tourists. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 18(2), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2019.1558490
Heryanto, G. G., & Zarkasy, I. (2012). Public Relations Politik. Ghalia Indonesia.
Hofstede, G. (1984). The Cultural Relativity of the Quality of Life Concept. The Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 389–398. http://www.jstor.org/stable/258280
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
Hofstede, G. (2013). Country Comparison - Indonesia. Hofstede Insights. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/indonesia/
Itai, I. (2008). Self Actualisation: For Individualistic Cultures Only? International Journal on Humanistic Ideology, 2, 113–139.
Ivtzan, I., Gardner, H. E., Bernard, I., Sekhon, M., & Hart, R. (2013). Wellbeing through Self-Fulfilment: Examining Developmental Aspects of Self-Actualization. The Humanistic Psychologist, 41, 119–132.
Janah, E. N., & Ariyanti. (2021). Hubungan Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Covid-19 dengan Stigma Masyarakat terhadap Pasien Isolasi Mandiri Positif Covid-19. Journal of Bionursing, 3(2 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/10.20884/bion.v3i2.88
Kaid, L., & Holtz-Bacha, C. (2008). Encyclopedia of Political Communication. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412953993
Kamalia, P. U., Subroto, W. T., Kurniawan, R. Y., & Dewi, R. M. (2020). Aksi Kepedulian terhadap Masyarakat Terdampak Pandemi Covid-19. Abimanyu: Journal of Community Engagement, 1(3), 41–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/abi.v1i3.10746
Kanungo, R. N. (2009). Ethical Values of Transactional and Transformational Leaders. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences de l’Administration, 18(4), 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2001.tb00261.x
Kanungo, R. N., & Mendonca, M. (1996). Ethical Dimensions of Leadership Ethical dimensions of leadership. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452220536
Klingemann, H.-D., & Römmele, A. (2002). Public Information Campaigns and Opinion Research: A Handbook for the Student and Practitioner. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Lam, C. M. (2012). Prosocial Involvement as a Positive Youth Development Construct: A Conceptual Review. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 769158. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/769158
Li, F., Luo, S., Mu, W., Li, Y., Ye, L., Zheng, X., Xu, B., Ding, Y., Ling, P., Zhou, M., & Chen, X. (2021). Effects of sources of social support and resilience on the mental health of different age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03012-1
Lohiniva, A.-L., Dub, T., Hagberg, L., & Nohynek, H. (2021). Learning about COVID-19-related stigma, quarantine and isolation experiences in Finland. PLOS ONE, 16(4), e0247962. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247962
Lotfi, M., Hamblin, M. R., & Rezaei, N. (2020). COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 508, 254–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.044
Lukiyanto, K., & Wijayaningtyas, M. (2020). Gotong Royong as social capital to overcome micro and small enterprises’ capital difficulties. Heliyon, 6(9), e04879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04879
McQuail, D. (2015). Communication Models for the Study of Mass Communications (2nd Editio). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315846378
Menges, D., Ballouz, T., Anagnostopoulos, A., Aschmann, H. E., Domenghino, A., Fehr, J. S., & Puhan, M. A. (2021). Burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and implications for healthcare service planning: A population-based cohort study. PLOS ONE, 16(7), e0254523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254523
Mona, L., & Dipodiwirjo, N. H. (2020). Kindness Contagious Through Communication Between Neighbors. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(5), 94–110.
Murakami, K., & Saionji, M. (2015). Genes and Cosmic Essences. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=uXd1jgEACAAJ
Murakami, Kazuo. (2007). The Divine Message of the DNA: Tuhan Dalam Gen Kita. Mizan Pustaka.
Nelson-Coffey, S. K., Fritz, M. M., Lyubomirsky, S., & Cole, S. W. (2017). Kindness in the blood: A randomized controlled trial of the gene regulatory impact of prosocial behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 81, 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.025
Nevis, E. C. (1983). Cultural assumptions and productivity: the United States and China. Sloan Management Review, 24(3), 17–29.
Novita, S., & Elon, Y. (2021). Community Stigma for Covid-19 Sufferers. Jurnal Kesehatan, 12, 25–33. http://ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JK
Ohnishi, J., Ayuzawa, S., Nakamura, S., Sakamoto, S., Hori, M., Sasaoka, T., Takimoto-Ohnishi, E., Tanatsugu, M., & Murakami, K. (2017). Distinct transcriptional and metabolic profiles associated with empathy in Buddhist priests: a pilot study. Human Genomics, 11(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-017-0117-3
Permana, L., Rahmatullah, K., Hasmawati, H., & Wiranto, A. (2021). The Stigma of COVID-19 on the Workers of PT. Pertamina EP Asset 5 Sangatta Field. Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia, 16(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpki.16.2.64-71
PH, L., Setiawati, L., & Sariti, I. (2020). Stigma and Community Behavior in Covid-19 Positive Patients. Jurnal Gawat Darurat, 2(2 SE-Articles). http://journal.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/JGD/article/view/952
Pietrabissa, G., & Simpson, S. G. (2020). Psychological Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19 Outbreak. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201
Post, S. G. (2014). It’s Good to be Good: 2014 Biennial Scientific Report on Health, Happiness, Longevity, and Helping Others. Int J Pers Cent Med., 2, 1–53.
Preusting, L. C., Raadsen, M. P., Abourashed, A., Voeten, H. A. C. M., Wagener, M. N., de Wit, E., van Gorp, E. C. M., & Doornekamp, L. (2021). COVID-19 related stigma and health-protective behaviours among adolescents in the Netherlands: An explorative study. PLOS ONE, 16(6), e0253342. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253342
Proyrungroj, R. (2014). Orphan Volunteer Tourism in Thailand: Volunteer Tourists’ Motivations And On-Site Experiences. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(5), 560–584. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348014525639
Purwanto, E., Alfathan, M. F., Embunsari, M. I., Astridayanti, N., Aprilya, S., & Hamzah, E. D. (2020). Kepedulian Mahasiswa Terhadap Masyarakat Terdampak. Jurnal Semar, X(X), 58–69.
Rahmatina, Z., Nugrahaningrum, G. A., Wijayaningsih, A., & Yuwono, S. (2021). Social Support for Families Tested Positive for Covid-19. Proceding of Inter-Islamic University Conference on Psychology, 1(1), 1–8.
Raihani, N. J., & Bshary, R. (2015). Why humans might help strangers. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 39. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00039
Ricard, A. (2019). Altruism in action. https://www.matthieuricard.org/en/blog/posts/altruism-in-action
Rocklöv, J., & Sjödin, H. (2020). High population densities catalyse the spread of COVID-19. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa038
Rosyani, R., Muchlis, F., Napitupulu, D., & Faust, H. (2019). Gotong royong (cooperation) transformation of rural communities in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 7(1 SE-), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v7i1.7466
Salasiah, S., Diana, D., Fatah, M. A., & Adriansyah, M. A. (2020). Membangun Kepedulian Pada Sesama di Masa COVID-19. PLAKAT (Pelayanan Kepada Masyarakat), 2(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.30872/plakat.v2i2.4973
Sancoko, C. H., Sugiarti, R., & Suhariadi, F. (2021). Kebahagiaan pada Relawan Pelacak Kontak COVID-19. Jurnal Psikologi Teori Dan Terapan, 11(3), 293–303. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v11n3.p326-339 Kebahagiaan
Saptarini, I., Novianti, N., Rizkianti, A., Maisya, I., Suparmi, S., Veridona, G., Sulistiyowati, N., & Sudikno, S. (2021). Stigma during COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in greater Jakarta metropolitan area: a cross-sectional online study. Health Science Journal of Indonesia, 12(1 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/10.22435/hsji.v12i1.4754
Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The Motivational Effects of Charismatic Leadership: A Self-Concept Based Theory. Organization Science, 4(4), 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.4.577
Silló, Á. (2018). International Volunteers as Strangers in Szeklerland. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Social Analysis, 8(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.2478/aussoc-2018-0001
Siu, A. M. H., Cheng, H. C. H., & Leung, M. C. M. (2006). Prosocial norms as a positive youth development construct: conceptual bases and implications for curriculum development. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 18(3), 451–457.
Smith, K. M., Larroucau, T., Mabulla, I. A., & Apicella, C. L. (2018). Hunter-Gatherers Maintain Assortativity in Cooperation despite High Levels of Residential Change and Mixing. Current Biology, 28(19), 3152-3157.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.064
Sulatra, I. K., Krismayani, N. W., & Nirmalasari, N. L. M. (2020). Pemanfaatan Yoga untuk Meringankan Dampak Psikologis Masyarakat Desa Penatih Akibat Pandemi COVID-19. Prosiding Seminar Regional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Unmas Denpasar Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2020. https://e-journal.unmas.ac.id/index.php/ProsidingCovid-19/article/view/2027/1636
Susanto, D. (2010). Strategi Peningkatan Kapasitas Modal Sosial dan Kualitas Sumberdaya Manusia Pendamping Pengembangan Masyarakat. Jurnal Komunikasi Pembangunan, 08(1), 77–89.
Suwignyo, A. (2019). Gotong royong as social citizenship in Indonesia, 1940s to 1990s. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 50, 387–408.
Tarigan, R. emmaria. (2021). Group Communication Support in Supporting the Resilience of Families and Survivors of Covid-19. Jurnal Komunikasi; Vol 13, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Komunikasi. https://doi.org/10.24912/jk.v13i1.11163
The Legatum Institute. (2019). The Legatum Prosperity IndexTM: A tool for transformation. https://www.prosperity.com/download_file/view_inline/4190
The Millennial Impact Project. (2015). The 2015 Millennial Impact Report: Cause, Influence & The Next Generation Workforce. http://www.themillennialimpact.com/sites/default/files/reports/2015-MillennialImpactReport_01_0.pdf
Tomasello, M. (2014). The ultra-social animal. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(3), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2015
Unayah, N. (2017). Gotong Royong Sebagai Modal Sosial Dalam Penanganan Kemiskinan. Sosio Informa, 3(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v3i1.613
Utami, D. D., Ramadhani, I., Ramdhani, A. P., & Murtiani, N. T. (2020). Millennial volunteer tourist motivation in West Java Province, Indonesia. The 4th International Seminar on Tourism.
Venus, A. (2004). Manajemen Kampanye. Remaja Rosda Karya.
Waddingham, R. (2020). COVID-19: how can we support each other (and ourselves)? Psychosis, 12(2), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2020.1759678
Worldometer. (2021). Coronavirus Population. Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v8i1.818
Article Metrics:
Abstract Views - 300
PDF Downloads - 214
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Leila Mona Ganiem, Ibnu Hamad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indexed by:
Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia (P-ISSN : 2548-8740, E-ISSN : 2503-0795)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Editorial Secretariat:
Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia (JKISKI)
Gedung Dewan Pers 5th Floors, Jl. Kebon Sirih 32-34 Jakarta 10110 - Indonesia
Contact Person : Prof. Dr. Rajab Ritonga, M.Si
Email : rajab.r@lspr.edu